Waterproof roofing-sheet.



S. G. IRVING.

WATERPROOF ROOFING SHEET.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 13, 1910.

1,062,400. Patented Ma '20, 191s.

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WITNESSES:

INVENTOR Y4 ATTORNEYS.

UNITED stra ns PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL G. IRVING, OF BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA.

WATERPROBI ROOFING-SHEET.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed my 18, 1910. Serial No. 561,944..

To all whom it may concern v I Be it known that I,.SaMUnL C. IRVING, acitizen of the United States, residing at Berkeley, county ofAlameda,State of California, have invented certain. new and useful Improvementsin Waterproof Roofing- Sheets, of which the following is aspecification.

My improvement relates to waterproof conditions oftemperature. Myimprovedcompound roofing sheet is made in a diiferent way and so=thattheresulting product does not contain any adhesive layer inits finishedcondition. In my improved roofing sheet, instead of cementing a layer offibrous mineral materialto the foundation of the roofing, I embedfibrous mineral material in a coating applied'to the foundation and itis preferably further bound in by means of theapplication of acem'entingwash or plaster.-

In the accompanying drawing forming part of this specification, I haveshown my invention in its preferred form and I will now proceed todescribesuch form and .the

- preferred constituents and method'employed byme- Referring to suchembodiment,

Figure'l represents a crosssect ion of a part of a compound roo I sheet:taken'on the line 1-1 of Fig. 2. {I -1g. 2 representsa roll of myimproved compound roofing partly.

unrolled. Fig 3. .,is'a detail on an enlarged scale of aipam bf the edgeof the roofing "sheet. .I ig. 1' is also'drawn onan enlarged scale forpurposes of clearness, and it will be understood that accordingly; thesection runs only part way across thewidth ofthe compound roofing sheeton the lines 1-1 of Fig. 2'. w i

Referring now to the roofing sheetiof thez drawlng and to my preferredmethod of manufacturing the same, and to the pro ferred constituentsthereof, (.1) 'represents the foundation of my improved roofing materialsaturated with any suitable waterproofing composition as well understoodin the art. prefer, however, to use a heavy sheet of felt for thispurpose, and particu Patented May- 20, 1913.

sheet. It may be composed of any suitable larly one containing a largeamount of fibrous mineral matter, such for example as asbestos. fiber,and composed partly of vege table or animal fibers. The manufactureofsuch a sheet of felt containing mineral mats ter and asbestos fiber iswell known in the art and will, therefore, not be further-dc scribed.Any suitable waterproofing com position may be employed-as saturatingmaterial for the foundation such, forexample,

as a soft non-hardening compound contain ing resins, oils, fats,waxes,,-bitumens, tars, pitches, or their equivalents,eithersingly or ein combination. It is'to beunderstood, how-1 'ever, that this is not'the only form of satulration that may-be employed, for any com poundwhich' will render the fabric. waterproof and pliable, may likewise beusedto advantage. In, practice, I find that gOQd sults are obtained withthe use'of'commer' cial asphalt of azsemi-liquid consistency at roomtemperature, known to the trade as G grade;

(2) is a coating applied to. the underside of foundation (1), Thiscoating compound isprefer-ably of a harder consistency than theimpregnating material. It should beof a non-adhesiven'ature and ,mayconsist of one or morefof the, ingredients referred to in connectionwith the above mentioned-iris pregnatin-g compound; v1z. mater1als' of aresinous, fatty, :wa'xy, bituminous, tarry, or

pitchy nature. In practice, I have success fully used a medium :htlldasphalt, desig' nated commerciallyi as".C grade. '18 applied to theunderside of a the foundation (1) while the foundation is in aheatedcon-j ditiogl, when the coating (2) in a molten condition isspread evenly'over thefouiida tion (1) by-mfeans of asteam heatedroller,- or a series of such roller-so .-The substance of which thiscoatin is made is of such a nature that it wi not show any adhesivequalities under the ordinary conditions; of use. Accordingly there willbe:..no tendency consistency of the roofing to adhere unduly to thesheathing boards on which the roofing may be laid.

(3) is a coating applied to the upper surface of the foundation (1).This coating is made of a substance which is non-adhesive at ordinarytemperatures, but which is ada ed to become soft or tacky or adhesive att e tem eratures ordinarily employed in the manu acture of my improvedroofing sheet. In practice, I prefer to use a material harder than thatused for the impregnating composition, and SH htly softer than that usedfoithe coating i2), although it may be composed of substantially thesame ingredients. I have found that an asphalt of a aplproaching thatknown commercially as grade, may be used to advantage. Coating (3) thusmade is hard, almost brittle at ordinary temperatures and will notexhibit any tackiness or adhesiveness under those conditions, but in theprocess of manufacture it is soft or adhesive sothat it can be spread onthe surface of the felt and, will permanently adhere to the felt and itis thensufliciently soft so that fibrous or foliated mineralmatter maybe embedded in the coating and be'permanently secured thereby when thecoating cools. (4) represents a layer of such fibrous or foliatedmineral matter embedded in the coating (3). Any. suitable mineral mattermay be'used, but I prefer to use foliated muscovite or amphibole,or'chrysotileor mountainleat er. This mineral matter, or preferably thelower portion of the layer, is embedded in coating (3) while the latteris still soft. When this coating cools'and takes its permanent set, it

firmly grips the layer of mineral material mlxed with suitable bindingagents and thinners. Any suitable cementing wash-or plaster maybeemployed for the purpose. The one I prefer to use consists of 325 partsby weight of lime, 20 parts by weight of tallow, and'20 parts byweightof copper sulfate slaked with sufiicient water to make a plaster whichmay be applied with a trowel,

' or thinned still further so that it may be applied as a wash with anordinary painter s brush. This cementing wash or plaster (5) after beingapplied is thoroughly flushed into all the interspacesexisting in thelayer of fibrous material and smooths it down to an even surface andprevents the 3) and has notfibrous material from being rubbed or worn'example, when the sheet is nailed in place upon the roof. Beforeapplying the wash or plaster an excess of fibrous or foliated mineralmatter may be added to that of layer (4) and the cementing wash orplaster be then applied.

In practice it has been found best to limit the application of thefoliated or fibrous material to those portions of thesheet whichultimately will be exposed to the weather and accordingly, thoseportions of'the sheet which, when laid, will underlie the superimposededge of the adjoining sheet of roofing are left free of the fibrous Imineral material (4.) and the overlying cementing layer (5), asshown at--(6)-: in Figs. 2 and 3. At (6) the upper exposed surface of the sheetis formed by the layer (3). This bare portion of the sheet is cemented.tothe underside of the edge of the adjoining superimposed sheet bymeans of any suitable cementing material, such as anyof the bituminousor asphaltic cement paints usually employed for such a purpose. Y Theroofing, sheets are secured to the roofing boarding by nailing or in anyother approved manner.

Color effects may be introduced in my improved product if desired. Toaccomplish such a result any suitable pigment may be mixed with thecementing wash or plaster. Of course, due regard should be paid to thepermanency of the pigment employed under the influence of the weatherand to its liability to, undergo undesirable chemical reaction whenmixed with the wash or plaster. In practice, I have-found that certainferric oxids,-such as Venetian red, natural Indian red, yellow ocher orumber, and chromic oxidsand graphites and pigments of a similar naturehave proven desirable and suitable for producing color effects. 7fibrous mineral matter may be colored by artificial means.

What'I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A compound roofing sheet having a foundation saturated with awaterproof composition provided with a weatherproof coating, fibrous orfoliated mineral matter If desired the foliated or partially embedded insaid coating, and a cementing wash or plaster applied to the protrudingportion of mineral matter.

2. A compound roofing sheet having a foundation saturated with awaterproof composition, one side coated with a non or foliated mineralmatter partially embedded in said latter coating, and a cementing washor plaster applied to the protrudmg portion of mineral matter.

3. A compound roofing sheet containing a foundationsaturated with awaterproofing composition, a waterproof. coating on both the lower andupper sides of the roofing sheet of a harder material than saidwaterproof composition for. the foundation, fibrous'or foliated .mineralmatter partially embedded throughout all of the upper coating exceptalong one edge thereof, and a cementingwash or plaster applied to theprotruding fibrous or foliated mineral 15 matter.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

SAMUEL o. IRVING.

Witnesses:

JAMES MASON, C. L. BLACK.-

